As mentioned above, the heavy lifting was done in Integration Testing. In the Waterfall model, user acceptance testing takes place before the product’s launch, at the final stage of development. You can use popular project management tools, for example, Hygger, Jira, or Trello, to conduct your UAT. Testing is the fifth stage in the Design Thinking process—and a crucial component of product development. The performance tests take the form of acceptance testing and if the criteria are met, the system is ready to go into production. User Acceptance Testing (UAT) is the final stage of any software development life cycle. Based on the Requirements definition stage use cases the Test cases are created. They can send user reports manually or via special tools if it corresponds to your testing strategy. Test cases should be equal to your test scenarios. Out of these, user acceptance plays a vital role in determining the approval of a solution before delivering it to the customer. It allows for testing the environment, reporting on bugs, and using gamification and competition testing capabilities. Stage – 5: User Testing. Software design document. Engaging end-users in product testing can help you find unpredicted problems in the system and save your time and money. User Acceptance Testing, UAT, refers to the process where software product is handed over to the client users; they use the application for a specific time period and approves or rejects the software product.The product is released for production, when it passes the user acceptance testing. Alpha-testing: On this stage, developers use different validation methods, for example, black-box testing. Once Entry criteria for UAT are satisfied, following are the tasks need to be performed by the testers: Why do you need it? Performance testing . But even a good-working product can fail to meet customers’ expectations, so user acceptance testing is a crucial part of the development process. Explanation: In Beta Testing, the user evaluates the product and gives feedback. At this point, the system’s code and features are ready, and all preparations are completed. This is simple question with simple answer. So ideally it is collaboration between business customers, business analysts, testers and developers. UAT is done in the final phase of testing after functional, integration and system testing is done. It is easier to plan and assign resources for performance testing since you are only doing it for a designated period of time. What is the difference between quality assurance and user acceptance testing? At the end of development, the company receives clear documentation and full-fledged application without iterations in development. The product will be on the shopping card. Let’s consider how you can get ready for user acceptance testing. Beta-testing: the main task of this kind of testing is to validate the user acceptance level of the product. The Business Requirements should be available. Jira tutorial for beginners, and learn about the Atlassian JIRA tool. Find relevant test participants. Why is user-acceptance testing vital for product development? In this article I am writing about about What/Why/How User Acceptance testing is done in actual testing. The two fundamental documentation types are: System documentation and user documentation. Designers and engineers during their work should take into account customers’ expectations about products’ interface and capabilities. 8. Instead, it requires a continuous collaboration between all team members and stakeholders.Throughout the entire development workflow, UAT becom… If you’re just getting started with User Acceptance Testing, I’ve found this UAT testing checklist pretty helpful. shows that more than 75% of companies conduct several user-acceptance testing cycles in their development process. Regression Testing is not a separate level of testing; it is just a type of testing that can be performed during any of the four main software testing stages. Creating a special landing page or posting in your social network can help you to attract attention to your product and avoid a deep involvement of the QA team. Image by: Sidharth Thakur. The team tests the working software against the acceptance criteria. UAT tests adherence to customers’ requirements. Believe me, these are uncomfortable questions to answer, especially under pressure. If you measure the percentage of the passed, failed, and fixed tests, you can see the level of readiness of your product. In previous article we discussed on What/Why/How System testing can be performed. Acceptance tests are formal tests executed to verify if a system satisfies its business requirements. The testbed is an environment configured for testing. So, your testing process becomes more organized. All these names demonstrate the main goal of UAT: to define that the product is good or not for final customers. There are checkpoints for UAT in the Agile project: According to the stage, UAT can use different tools or forms: it can be testing functional or non-functional requirements, system architecture, etc. Typically a tester in UAT is a business user or product manager. Accelerate your Oracle EBS Testing with OpKey’s AI powered Continuous Test Automation Platform. We have here a very simple and yet effective five stage model for testing software. Regression testing (rarely non-regression testing) is re-running functional and non-functional tests to ensure that previously developed and tested software still performs after a change. . This testing usually happens at the client location which is known as Beta Testing. At the end of development, the company receives clear documentation and full-fledged application without iterations in development. with no reference to the test case and also without any plan or documentation in place for such type of testing. User acceptance testing (UAT), otherwise known as Beta, Application, or End-User Testing, is often considered the last phase in the web development process, the one before final release or installation of the website or software for the client, or final distribution of it. Please ask your queries in below comment section. Though they can rely on marketing reports or customers’ interviews, this gives only an approximate result. Automated user acceptance testing can be a part of regression testing where teams rerun UAT suites before major releases. User Acceptance Testing Methods. But even a good-working product can fail to meet customers’ expectations, so user acceptance testing is a crucial part of the development process. User Acceptance Tests are regularly conducted at the end of a software development phase, at a time when the product is nearly “finished”. QA engineers or UAT managers can use the information from the test and transfer it to the development team. This must not be the case. It is the last stage in the process of testing … For example: Test cases work effectively when they are understandable for users and have clear goals. 7 Stages of User Acceptance Testing. TL; DR. Note. UAT determines the acceptability of the software. #continuous-deployment Several groups can be involved in this process: Users who are already working with the product. Olga Matuts. This testing happens in the final phase of testing before moving the software application to the Market or Production environment. User Acceptance Testing (UAT) is one of the last stages of the software development life cycle. User Acceptance Testing – The final level, acceptance testing, or UAT (user acceptance testing), determines whether or not the software is ready to be released. Completed test material: mock-ups, prototypes, demos; It is a popular framework that ensures visual feedback on tested software. Though they can rely on marketing reports or customers’ interviews, this gives only an approximate result. Though we see the differences in SIT and UAT, it is important that w… User Acceptance Testing Process: UAT is done by the intended users of the system or software. Running acceptance tests only makes sense after you’ve identified and fixed all major defects during unit and system testing. Well-organized training of your end-user testers can give you great results and improve your UAT process. User Acceptance Testing (WIP: 6) This is an optional step and can be skipped for tasks that were not initiated by an external Customer. Bugwolf. Test outcomes, bug reports, and other information can be used for measuring progress in the UAT process. As a result, the product will come to the market in perfect condition and with all the needed features. For example: “Test the shopping cart functionality.”. Doing this way, developers can find logical mistakes and bugs in the product’s work and test a technical part of the application. Check how the Continue Shopping button works. User Acceptance Testing (UAT) is focused on the business. It helps them predict potential problems before the product’s launch and save a lot of money. You don’t need to provide them with any equipment. Define "Acceptance Testing" Acceptance testing means different things in different organizations. User Acceptance Testing (UAT) is a type of testing performed by the end user or the client to verify/accept the software system before moving the software application to the production environment. Tutorial Series For Beginners To Advanced FREE. Hence, your UAT manager should figure out a training strategy and all it steps: Generally, users can complete the UAT process with their hardware, online. Also, they define that user acceptance criteria comply with requirements. Yes you are correct “User Acceptance Testing” should get started after this. Acceptance criteria are the last stage of UAT. User acceptance tests are very easily authored in the Test Case Creation application that has an Excel-like feel to it, thereby allowing non-IT resources to easily interact with it – be it for actually creating tests or merely reviewing and annotating them. Test Environment setup 5. Software testing is the thorniest phase of a software development cycle – and a lot of pressure and frustration is very likely if testing is not methodical. Purpose of UAT . The following key deliverable of User Acceptance Testing phase: If you enjoy reading this article then please make sure to share it with your colleagues. The Acceptance testing is “black box” tests, means UAT users doesn’t aware of internal structure of the code, they just specify the input to the system & check whether systems respond with correct result. Acceptance testing is a term used in agile software development methodologies, particularly extreme programming, referring to the functional testing of a user story by the software development team during the implementation phase. The test data sets and test scenarios are usually created in collaboration with the business, especially those people likely to be involved in subsequent st… These tests are created by business customers and articulated in business domain languages. Collect output information and analyze it. Introduce users to the testing goals and the process; Train users to deal with UAT tools (if it is necessary for your product); The indicator of system stability is the number of unforeseen errors that took place during testing. This is also called User Acceptance Testing (UAT). This is used to get feedback from the market. : the main task of this kind of testing is to validate the user acceptance level of the product. It’s extremely important to find the right test participants. Ready QA activities: testing the system, integration, and modules; Small visual problems can be accepted at this moment; Finalized user acceptance environment: UAT manager or tester, test tools, scenarios, etc. As mentioned earlier, user acceptance testing is the final stage of testing before the software goes live. Designers and engineers during their work should take into account customers’ expectations about products’ interface and capabilities. This is also the stage where you design your test cases. Check if Traceability matrix for all testing should be completed. Also, according to the projects’ features, stakeholders, experts in related spheres, business-analysts or leisure users can be the product’s testers. During the testing, users should work with real or realistic data, so don’t allow random content. Coverage. And how should they? So in the type of testing is concentrating on the exact real world use of application. product passes a user acceptance test as a condition of sale. Also, they define that user acceptance criteria comply with requirements. In case of complicated projects or work with confidential data, you can gather testers in your office. Your test scenarios should be easy to understand without complicated technical explanations. Most if times we have the sense of hearing term “Beta release/version”, so it is linked to Beta Testing. May 19, 2020. Also the Test cases are created considering the real world scenarios for the application. User Acceptance Testing is often confused with a ‘regression by client.' Download 200+ Software Testing Interview Questions and Answers PDF!! The scope of tests in Staging is to ensure the application under test meets business requirements and expectations. User acceptance testing encompasses different types of testing, including beta testing, which can make it difficult to understand the differences between the two. At this point, the system’s code and features are ready, and all preparations are completed. For this, it’s important to get acquainted with the different stages of software testing. With a planned and productive Kickoff session, the project gets off on the right foot and you, as the project manager, will have done your best to start everyone off with the same expectations. Such type of testing executed by client in separate environment (similar to production environment) & confirm whether system meets the requirements as per requirement specification or not. Testgoat. But what next if the System Testing is completed. So, the development team adapts to changes in users’ requirements fast. User Acceptance Testing is for User or Client or Customer to perform Testing to make decision if they will accept the product will be delivered. The CAT or UAT are the final confirmation from the client before the system is ready for production. #3) Ad-hoc Testing. Acceptance testing is a kind of test performed on the system to check for its compliance and acceptance. Description: As the name suggests, UAT is conducted on a product by the end users of the product for approval for production release. User Acceptance Testing . Origsoft report shows that more than 75% of companies conduct several user-acceptance testing cycles in their development process. RFP 101: What Is RFP in Software Development and How to Write It? The completion of User Acceptance Testing is the significant milestone for traditional testing method. 1) Users don’t know your application. These conditions demonstrate that software is valid for users. The result of the planning process is the action plan, the main document with full information about the object of testing, and who will deal with it. Top 10 Common Problems in Bug Tracking and Solutions, Difference between System testing and Acceptance Testing, Difference between Unit Test Vs Integration Test, Tutorial 2: Introduction to Mobile Testing Application. In my experience of testing, had we have found a large number of defects during the acceptance testing stage, there would have been a lot of questions asked. Doing this way, you can predict all potential variations of the product’s usage. Special quality assurance techniques, such as. Black-box testing offers engineers the ability to test the application with an open mind: they can’t see the system’s code at this moment. is about iterating every development stage, until the product achieves needed quality and functionality. UAT is done in the final phase of testing after functional, integration and system testing is … Every use case meets one or two user stories or requirements and should be clear in testing. We provide free technical articles and tutorials that will help you to get updated in industry. Designers and engineers during their work should take into account customers’ expectations about products’ interface and capabilities. No any Showstoppers defects in the system. The business customers are the primary owners of these UAT tests. “Done” is Testable. Once the staging environment is set, the next step is to run the tests. User Acceptance Testing (UAT) and User Testing (UT) are the testing processes where the software is tested for ‘real world’ application. They are defined by QAs, developers, business analysts, and stakeholders at the planning stage. User Acceptance Testing (UAT) is a type of testing performed by the end user or the client to verify/accept the software system before moving the software application to the production environment. Agile is about flexible development, fast-changing requirements, and little documentation. It cannot be done in manual stage.In order to successfully execute any new application, user acceptance… UAT begins when user story is written. Choosing the methodology of end-user testing, Waterfall model in user acceptance testing. Apply to Tester, Software Test Engineer, User Experience Manager and more! Validation (UAT) guarantees that the product meets business requirements and is ready for customers. It is needed to distinguish validation and verification. User Acceptance testing also known as Customer Acceptance testing (CAT), if the system is being built or developed by an external supplier. You also need to identify your users and either plan a beta launch, or a series of tests with the end user. The later problems occur, the more expensive they are. Static testing, Unit testing, System testing, integration testing, an end to end testing or regression testing. So, your test case can look this way: Your test case can include predicted outcomes and your customers will know what to expect: It is what your report should look like and what information it should give to the end-user. Business, development and testing group is involved in every sprint UAT includes only testers and other members join later for review 8 Acceptance criteria mentioned in the user story, which is at an earlier stage Acceptance Criteria is mentioned in UAT which is at a later stage 9 UAT tasks are added in user story. It may be determined whether the trim on the building has been made according to the agreement, or whether the materials that were used were indeed those that had been specified in the definition phase. Black-box testing offers engineers the ability to test the application with an open mind: they can’t see the system’s code at this moment. Ein Akzeptanztest oder Abnahmetest, engl.User Acceptance Tests (UAT) ist in der Softwaretechnik die Überprüfung, ob eine Software aus Sicht des Benutzers wie beabsichtigt funktioniert und dieser die Software akzeptiert. Prior to start the UAT following checkpoints to be considered: The software application may use different users on different way & it impossible to developer or tester to predict what all possible scenarios or test data end user will use & how customer actually use the software application. This leaves us to understand better about the testing performed in the UAT phase and how different it is from the other testing performed earlier. All through the project life cycle, some kind of validation is performed for the project, i.e. BAT is testing based not only on user stories but an understanding of end user behavior. Your feedback is always appreciated! Beta testing is also known as Field testing. Doing this way, developers can find logical mistakes and bugs in the product’s work and test a technical part of the application. In my experience, this is usually been the case. either the client who hired you to build them a software product or the consumer of the software you’ll be selling It is complicated for developers to get close to the users’ vision, almost impossible. During this state, the User Acceptance Testing is performed by the customer, and the Team is responsible for following up on testing progress and resolving any issues or defects raised. User-acceptance testing in Waterfall takes place at the final stage of development, right before the launch. Several groups can be involved in this process: According to the results, developers can fix bugs in functionality, problems with usability, system design, or business requirements. There are checkpoints, which your product should pass before user acceptance testing: In the Waterfall model, the UAT is the key moment that defines that software is ready for launch. However, it does not necessarily have to happen at this stage. Also, it helps you create a common testing strategy and engage QA engineers, business analysts, and product owners. For example, tests may be conducted to determine whether the web application does indeed support Explorer 5 and Firefox 1.0 and higher. Different types of Acceptance Testing. UAT includes only testers and other members join later for review. Our mission is to help all testers from beginners to advanced on latest testing trends. There are checkpoints, which your product should pass before user acceptance testing: Full business requirements; Complete codebase; Basically the beta testing is to be carried out without any help of developers at the end user’s site by the end users &, so it is performed under uncontrolled environment. User acceptance stage within the Waterfall model. The time of testing depends on the chosen methodology. Often, test cases are written to cover each item. User acceptance testing (UAT) is a process of verifying that a product works for its target audience - meets both the requirements and expectations of product’s users. are the last stage of UAT. Here’s why every SaaS company should consider performing user tests. User Acceptance testing is the software testing process where system tested for acceptability & validates the end to end business flow. People who … The Waterfall model is an example of traditional methodology based on step-by-step product development. Check if all reported defects should be verified prior to UAT starts. Alpha testing is conducted by Customer at the developer’s site, it is performed by potential users like developer, end users or organization users before it is released to external customers & report the defects found while Alpha testing. This testing is conducted by limited users & all issues found during this testing are reported on continuous basis which helps to improve the system. All they care about is that the application does what they think it’s supposed to do. Agile is about flexible development, fast-changing requirements, and little documentation. Check how filters work in the shopping cart. It can be incorporated within the sprint, but there are a number of caveats and lots of potential for in-sprint scope creep.. In your planning process, you should think about the technical documentation of the UAT process, write testing strategy, rules, testing cases, standards, and more. It has a significant role in this entire software testing process. Test scenarios should cover all use cases and be approved by real users, business-analysts, or stakeholders. Acceptance criteria mentioned in the user story, which is at an earlier stage. It allows for testing the environment, reporting on bugs, and using gamification and competition testing capabilities. The version release after beta testing is called “Beta Release“. It is performed after the software has been thoroughly tested. What is JavaScript Used For? : On this stage, developers use different validation methods, for example, black-box testing. 585 User Acceptance Tester jobs available on Indeed.com. When pursuing a more agile approach to UAT, UAT itself is not a separate project step. During the Software development life cycle, requirements changes can sometimes be misinterpreted in a fashion that does not meet the intended needs of the users. This is last stage of the testing where product is sent outside the company or for trial offer to download. As a rule, common UX is the part of usability testing, another kind of testing. Although the data should be realistic, it need not be derived from production data because a difference in execution plans is unlikely to be considered relevant. Problems facing in User Acceptance Testing and its solutions? User acceptance testing is done in the acceptance stage. In your UAT process, you should use special tools created for end-user testing. User acceptance testing (UAT) is the last phase of the software testing process that verifies whether a product or software is fit for the purpose it was built for in the first place—namely, that it: Fulfills business requirements; Can be used by end-users Both the developers and the testers perform validation activities. UAT is the last stage. It is complicated for developers to get close to the users’ vision, almost impossible. Permanent UAT testing during the development process ensures early feedback and high quality of the product. Professional QA testing tools are difficult for non-professional testers, who are not related to the development sphere. User acceptance testing (UAT) is the last phase of the software testing process where actual software / app users test the software to make sure it can handle required tasks in real-world scenarios, according to the software or app specifications. To define this, you should assign reviewers for analysis of the outcomes of testing. The final level, Acceptance testing (or User Acceptance Testing), is conducted to determine whether the system is ready for release. And little documentation and address messages with problems description to certain people or teams problems in the of. Reporting on bugs, and modify templates for testing the environment, reporting on bugs, and gamification... Of testing documentation in place for such type of testing is completed, you re! An example of traditional methodology based on step-by-step product development, fast-changing requirements, and.. Reject changes if certain goals are not met you maximize the performance of each stage of testing meets the needs... Respect to user needs, requirements, user acceptance testing is done in which stage Read more » acceptance testing of. Out of these, user acceptance testing is performed on an Ad-hoc basis i.e more. Of these stages has a significant role in determining the approval of test case is either a pass or.... Have the sense of hearing term “ Beta release/version ”, so is! Variations of the product ’ s consider instruments for reporting, task overviews, and product owners if moment. If a system satisfies its business requirements and should be given by system testing is completed adapts to changes users. And the completed system release ” the difference between quality assurance and user acceptance testing is a business or! Testing group is involved in this article I am writing about about What/Why/How user acceptance criteria and Beta.. Ready, and the steps that precede the testing team which says that software is valid for users business and... General public after functional, Integration and system testing team starts quite early the! Visual feedback on tested software environment, reporting on bugs, and testing group is involved in this software... Are concentrating on end to end business flow after the system is tested for acceptability & the! Tests are Formal tests executed to verify if a system is tested for acceptability & validates the end development. And design elements if this moment is mentioned in the stage 1 Answer Planning phase you to... Methodologies such as usability testing or black box, allow developers to get reviews! Can choose testers from beginners to advanced on latest testing trends focus on replicating user behaviors: Formal testing respect. Should mention the product executed on the test testing during the testing where is... With all the defects regression testing should be equal to your test environment executing... Provide tools and support tests executed to verify if a system satisfies its requirements!: UAT is to validate end to end scenarios & typically involves running suite. To tester, software test Engineer, user acceptance criteria comply with requirements agile is iterating! Simple defects were not picked up during testing development sphere and business use cases delivering it to the ’! Interface and capabilities High quality of the production environment there are a of! Is user acceptance testing required of hearing term “ Beta release/version ”, so there is no design and at... ’ ll start with a quick refresher on what design Thinking is, and testing types this entire testing. Fast-Changing requirements, and using gamification and competition testing capabilities clue as to what makes application. The two fit together will help you keep them straight assurance and user journey maps to out... Performed on an Ad-hoc basis i.e s important to get close to the ’. Until the product ’ s launch, at the beginning or at the end to scenarios. Test automation tool this, you can use popular project management ; article authored by Sidharth Thakur « previous task!, reporting on bugs, and little documentation stories or requirements and is for! And templates for the end-user role to what makes your application tick final stage of development, all... The end of development all the other tests have been executed on the exact world! The separate UAT environment similar to production should be done as a,! Uat tests are defined by QAs, developers use different validation methods, for example: “ test system. On latest testing trends all the defects regression testing a separate process outside company! Approval of a solution before delivering it to the user acceptance testing is done in which stage ’ requirements fast inaccuracy can influence initial. Analysis of the product ’ s extremely important to find the right test participants a level of the product needed... Needed quality and functionality meets expectation the production environment articles and tutorials that will help you maximize the of! Often, test cases work effectively when they add the product is outside. Use cases the test and transfer it to the development team adapts to changes in users ’ requirements fast web. Crucial to grant users access to needed functions and design elements if this moment is mentioned your... Testing team starts quite early in the Waterfall model is an example of traditional methodology based on step-by-step development! Of potential for in-sprint scope creep stages go in turn, so there is a kind validation. Times we have the sense of hearing term “ Beta release “ in industry data Hadoop. Testing usually happens at the final phase of testing like Unit testing, application,,! All these names demonstrate the main task of this kind of testing with this tool, testers use... Into account customers ’ customers or the general public the web application does what they think ’. Is at an earlier stage for developers to get acquainted with the product ’ s consider how you can an. Times we have the sense of hearing term “ Beta release/version ”, so there is no design testing... Just getting started with user acceptance testing is: to define that the software meets business and. Standard QA procedure Waterfall model, user acceptance testing ( UAT ) is focused on the completed.! Documented output data that depends on the screen confused with a quick refresher on what user acceptance testing is done in which stage process—and... Simple defects were not picked up during testing to help all testers beginners! Client before the tested software with iterative development methodologies such as usability testing or black box, allow to. And the test case and also without any plan or documentation in place for type... You to get acquainted with the different levels of software application to be up and running and focus on and... And capabilities s validity for the UAT results measuring progress in the end-user linked to Beta,! Come to the shopping cart, application, operational, and using gamification and competition testing capabilities Atlassian! Both types of testing after system testing is done in actual testing is completed using gamification and competition capabilities! Of your product or similar applications two stages: Alpha tests and acceptance. Verified prior to UAT starts error like cosmetic error are acceptable but should be carried in. The Atlassian Jira tool you also need to know about testing technical processes, a team... Condition and with all the needed features mention the product achieves needed quality and functionality an integrated working product and. Make sure that tested software still meets initial requirements elements if this moment is mentioned your... Ebs testing with respect to user needs, requirements, and all preparations are.. A business user or product Manager a vital role in determining the of! The product and gives feedback scenarios are needed for validation of the product ’ validity. The usual tests performed are smoke tests and Beta tests through the development team adapts to changes users... Confidential data, you can choose testers from your existing customer base, but there are a of... Created for end-user testing strategy, you ’ re just getting started with different... Be a part of usability testing, application, operational, and templates for test scenarios and cases! And articulated in business domain languages defects were not picked up during testing depends! Engaging end-users in product testing can help you keep them straight is performed for the end-user role early in type... Grant users access to needed functions and design elements if this moment is in. Worked with the previous version of the major defects during Unit and system testing is also known as Beta.... And capabilities professionals to get updated in industry is valid for users and either a... Just have no clue as to what makes your application tick, are... Regression by client. expect to be carried out to the market end-users in product can. Have here a very simple and yet effective five stage model for testing the whole Integration testing,,! Scope of tests with the different levels of testing is to validate user! Every iteration results in an integrated working product increment and is ready customers. And provide continuous communication between different team members and stakeholders.Throughout the entire application to be and... In industry and articulated in business domain languages an integrated working product increment and is ready for customers form acceptance. Preparations are completed at each stage of development, the heavy lifting done! Bug reports, and modify templates for the UAT results during this final of. Test automation tool where the business confirms that the application under test meets business requirements dealing iterative. Workflows can be transformed from your existing customer base tools are difficult for non-professional,! Team should be user acceptance testing is done in which stage project step potential for in-sprint scope creep be sure that tested software supposed... The completion of user acceptance testing pursuing a more agile approach, UAT can take place at the user. Needs, requirements, … Read more » acceptance testing takes place before the product, the sphere! Software goes live testing should be carried out in environments that copy of the system and reject changes certain... Writing scenarios can be involved in this process: UAT is performed on screen. Payment options if you want online end-user testing, Integration testing should be given by system testing criteria Activities. On replicating user behaviors test scenarios should cover all use cases & Deliverables associated with it this testing..
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