Only $0.99/month. In 2000 prosecutors successfully brought human-rights-related charges against Pinochet, but they were dismissed because of health issues. STUDY. Mineral deposits (in particular copper, coal, and silver) are found in central Chile, and the rivers, especially the Biobío, have been harnessed to generate electricity; hydroelectricity is responsible for 70% of Chile's power. In his books Cape Horn (1941), Tierra del Fuego (1956), and Route of the Whales (1962), F. Coloane depicts the inhabitants of Chile’s maritime regions struggling against the natural elements and social evils. Recreation activities to indulge in include the public parks of San Cristobal Hill and Santa Lucia Hill. Yet another military putsch soon toppled the republic. Show Answer. Sections of this region, which is in the direct path of moist westerly winds, receive more than 100 in. In 1822, Great Britain granted Chile a loan of 5 million pesos, thereby inaugurating the flow of British capital into the Chilean economy and strengthening British influence on the country’s political life. Chile. The Chon and the Chango were essentially fishermen and hunters; the Atacameño herded llamas and alpacas, raised crops using irrigation, and worked gold, silver, and copper; and the Araucanians cultivated potatoes and corn and raised sheep. It contains Chile's largest cities—Santiago, ValparaisoValparaiso, Span. Founder of constitutional order and of the conservative regime in Chile, he was general minister (1830–31) and minister of war and marine (1831–32, 1835–37)...... Click the link for more information. Compared to 1970 figures, the enrollment in primary schools rose by 13.5 percent, in general-education secondary schools by 33.7 percent, in vocational-technical schools by 51.9 percent, in higher educational institutions by 82.4 percent, and in the adult education system by 96.8 percent. A major event was the establishment in 1941 of the Experimental Theater of the University of Chile, headed by the director P. de la Barra; in 1959 the theater was reorganized as the Theater Institute of the University of Chile. A desire to give philosophical meaning to reality is reflected in his Elementary Odes (1954–57) and the lyrical and grotesque poems of Estravagario (1958). On Apr. The extensive open-pit mining of the region dates to 1915...... Click the link for more information. In 1969 the Ministry of Education founded the Young Ballet, a school and company headed by the choreographer and teacher H. Baldrich. Despite this assistance, Chile’s financial situation has remained precarious. The port is an important hub for exporting wine, copper and fruits. In 1948, under the direction of Jooss, the company gave fine performances of The Green Table by F. Cohen, Big City, based on music by A. Tansman, and Youth, based on music by G. F. Handel as arranged by J. Orrego Safas. Its copper reserves, estimated at 94 million tons, and its saltpeter reserves are the largest in the capitalist world. From 1959, when it was named the Ballet of Modern Art, until 1966, the ballet was headed by Cintolesi. The 1981 constitution guaranteed elections in 1989, and in the 1980s political parties began to re-form despite Pinochet's opposition. Soils and flora. In 1922 the Socialist Workers’ Party was transformed into the Communist Party of Chile. The people of the region are almost totally dependent on supplies from the outside. santiago de chile more commonly reffered to as simply Santiago. Bachelet, the center-left candidate, won more than 53% of the vote, defeating conservative business entrepreneur Sebastián PiñeraPiñera, Sebastián(Miguel Juan Sebastián Piñera Echenique) , 1949–, Chilean business executive and politician, president of Chile (2010–14, 2018–), grad. with free interactive flashcards. Gen. Augusto Pinochet UgartePinochet Ugarte, Augusto, 1915–2006, president and dictator of Chile (1973–90). Seymour, 69, clarifies remark on being able to play 25. Two ice fields covering 15,000 sq km lie between 46° 30’ and 51° 30’. or. Most of the output of the copper-ore and copper-smelting industry is exported; in 1974 such exports totaled 702,000 tons of blister and refined copper and 156,000 tons of copper concentrates. Social conditions were also depicted critically by D. Barros Grez (1834–1904) and L. Orrego Luco (1886–1948), whose novel The Big House (1908) showed the degeneration of the landowning aristocracy. VIII Biobío region has a population of 2,042,044, and its capital is Concepción. Chile stretches from north to south for a distance of 4,300 km, forming a narrow band 15 to 355 km wide between the Pacific coast and the high Andes Mountains. During the 1950’s and 1960’s, a growing interest in Latin American themes led to the production of Calaucan by the Mexican composer C. Chavez (1959, choreographer P. Bunster), A. Ginastera’s Suraso (1962, choreographer P. Bunster), and Orrego Salas’ Street Jugglers (1962, choreographer Uthoff). took control of the country. In 1974, Pinochet became the undisputed leader of Chile, assuming the position of head of state, and in 1977 he abolished all political parties and restricted human and civil rights. Wilflife and flora are protected in the Villarrica, Los Paraguas, Pérez Rosales, Puyehue, and Juan Fernández national parks and in the Nahuelbuta Preserve. , largely because of the rivalry of O'Higgins with José Miguel CarreraCarrera, José Miguel, 1785–1821, Chilean revolutionist. Economic regions. Accessibility Help. The bicameral legislature consists of a 38-seat Senate, whose members are elected to serve eight-year terms, and a 120-seat Chamber of Deputies, whose members are elected for four years. Excavations have unearthed metal ornaments and painted figural pottery adorned with animal representations and geometric designs. From the outset two trends coexisted in the Chilean ballet—the expressionist, including modern dance, and the classical, whose leading exponent was Solari. Dry farming is done on the slopes of the Coastal Cordillera, and irrigation is used in the Longitudinal Valley and the river basins. ); and there is more glaciation. Measures were adopted to raise the living conditions of workers and office employees, to improve the pension system, and to stimulate housing construction. Chileans obtained the right to work the nitrate fields in the Atacama, which then belonged to Bolivia. Some 1.2 million ha are irrigated. A port on the Pacific, it exports nitrates and ore from the Atacama Desert. In the 1977–78 school year the primary schools had an enrollment of 2.2 million pupils, and in the 1977–78 school year the various secondary schools were attended by more than 487,200 students. O'Higgins, who had been chosen supreme director, formally proclaimed Chile's independence Feb. 12, 1818, at Talca and established a military autocracy that characterized the republic's politics until 1833; O'Higgins ruled Chile from 1818 until 1823, when strong opposition to his policies forced him to resign. The capital city of Chile is Santiago . The leading artists of the mid-19th century were the portraitists F. J. Mandiola and A. Gana. Easter Island is settled by Polynesians (Rapanui). The entire country is subject to frequent earthquakes. Currency: peso. Today, Chile is considered to be one of the most wealthy and stable nations in South America. According to 1975 data, 5 percent of the urban population and 10 percent of the rural population are illiterate. The majority of Chile's population is mestizo, a result of frequent intermarriage between early Spanish settlers and indigenous inhabitants. Pinochet stepped down as head of the army in 1998 and was made a senator for life. Additional Information. Nearly 90% of the people are at least nominally Roman Catholic. Chile is predominantly urban, with more than a third of the total population concentrated in and around Santiago and Viña Del Mar. Its territory includes the coastal islands of the Chilean Archipelago (Chiloé, Wellington, Santa Inés), the western portion of the island of Tierra del Fuego, and the Pacific islands of San Ambrosio, San Félix, Juan Fernández, Sala-y-Gómez, and Easter Island. Pollution and erosion have added to the environmental threat. It houses numerous regional headquarters of multinational corporations. You'll find countless flights to Santiago with LAN.com, ensuring you'll find the the … All democratic practices and the country’s constitutional form of government were abolished. Fishing and lumbering are also important economic activities. Largely owing to the increased precipitation as one moves southward, the snow line descends abruptly from 6,000 m to 500 m, and below 46° 30’ S lat. If you want to find the capital of Chile on a map, use the following coordinates: 33 27 S, 70 40 W The city of La Serena thrives on tourism as the most important economic activity. Since 2004 a number of former senior military officers in Pinochet's régime have been convicted of crimes relating to murders and other human rights offenses following the coup. During the 1950’s and 1960’s theater festivals were held regularly, and works by the Chilean playwrights J. Díaz, L. A. Heire-mans, and I. Aguirre were frequently performed. The northern provinces average two to three persons per sq km. It is the second most densely populated Chilean reg… are the chief population centers. In 2005, the constitution was amended to reduce the national influence of the military and reassert civilian control over it, eliminating some of the vestiges of Pinochet's dictatorship that had been preserved in the document, though the method of election to the Chilean Congress remained structured to guarantee significant minority, generally conservative, representation. The food-processing, textile, and leather-footwear branches account for two-thirds of the employees and three-fifths of the output, by value, of the manufacturing industry. Food-processing enterprises, found in almost all cities, are especially numerous in Santiago, Valparaiso, and Valdivia. 276,737), capital of Valparaiso region, central Chile. In addition, the army accepted institutional responsibility for the human rights abuses that occurred under Pinochet. The 18th and early 19th centuries saw the construction of town houses with inner courtyards, portals, and grillwork. Area: 756 945 sq. They belong to Chile and are constitutionally a special territory; they are administered as a part of Valparaiso prov...... Click the link for more information. Led by O’Higgins, the commander in chief of the patriots, and supported by the army of the Argentine general J. San Martín, the Chileans defeated the Spaniards at the battle of Chacabuco (February 1817) and entered Santiago. Precipitation increases southward; the desert in the north is practically rainless, while S Chile receives abundant precipitation throughout the year. The war of 1866 between Peru and Spain involved Chile and led the republic to fortify its coast and build a navy. During this time the British expatriot Lord Cochrane, commanding the Chilean navy, cleared (1819–20) the coast of Spanish shipping, and in 1826 the remaining royalists were driven from Chiloé island, their last foothold on Chilean soil. Economic stability, the improvement of labor conditions, and the control of Communists were the chief aims of the administration of Gabriel González Videla, who was elected president in 1946. Among swine, erysipelas, hog cholera and infectious atrophic rhinitis have been recorded; among poultry, Newcastle disease, infectious bronchitis, infectious laryngotracheitis, mycoplasmosis, Marek’s disease, pullorosis, leukosis, and fowl cholera and pox; among sheep, infectious enterotoxemia, ecthyma contagiosum, and mange; among rabbits, myxomatosis and coccidiosis; and among horses, strangles, horse influenza, and lymphagitis ulce rosa pseudofarcinosa. In 1975 the per capita gross national product amounted to $691 (in current prices), putting Chile in tenth place among the Latin American countries. Since January 1977 limited activity has been permitted to the National Party (Partido Nacional), which was created in 1966 through a merger of the Conservative and Liberal parties and which drew its support from the landowning and financial-industrial oligarchy. Fascinating with its modern and natural structure, the city excites tourists with its places to visit from cathedrals to squares and museums. The capital and largest city is Santiago and the national language is Spanish. was elected) and in the 1965 congressional elections, the Christian Democratic party won overwhelming victories over the Socialist-Communist coalition. Flashcards. Administratively, Chile is divided into 13 regions. Some 3,500 large estates, totaling 5.4 million hectares (ha), were expropriated and distributed among the landless and land-poor peasants. The cities of Chile have an incredible vibe, and life is a blast in these regions. O’Higgins’ struggle against the privileges of the landed oligarchy and the Catholic Church, along with his efforts to implement progressive reforms and restrict the church’s influence, provoked dissatisfaction among the feudal-clerical circles. Valparaiso is the port city of Chile, and it has developed into a cultural center as well. In painting and the graphic arts, along with the Montparnasse modernist group (headed by the cubist C. Mori), surrealism (R. Matta), and abstract art (N. Antúñez), there emerged the socially oriented realistic art of C. Hermosilla Alvarez, G. Nuñez, J. Venturelli, P. Lobos, and J. Escamez. It was named Chile’s capital in 1818. During the 1530’s Chile was invaded by Spanish conquistadors. On coming to power in 1964, E. Frei Montalva, the leader of the right wing of the Christian Democratic Party, resumed diplomatic relations with the USSR (1964) and announced a national reformist program of “revolution in liberty,” providing for a number of bourgeois democratic reforms. The period of compulsory education was extended from six to eight years, and the number of pupils attending all schools increased sharply. In 1974 there were 295 hospitals with 37,200 beds (3.6 beds per 1,000 inhabitants), of which 256 were state hospitals with 35,400 beds. About 70 percent of the population is not covered, including industrial workers, peasants, members of their families, and children under 15 years of age. The supreme commander in chief is the president, and the military junta exercises direct leadership. Chile's economy is based on the export of minerals, which account for about half of the total value of exports. The liberation army was defeated by Spanish troops, and after the battle of Rancagua (October 1814) the patriots had to flee to Argentina. The Chilean Andes contain many high peaks and volcanoes; Ojos del Salado (22,539 ft/6,870 m high) is the second highest point in South America. The workers’ share in the national income fell from 65 percent in 1972 to 35 percent in 1974. Since 1918. Chile's main imports are petroleum and petroleum products, chemicals, electrical and telecommunications equipment, industrial machinery, vehicles, and natural gas, but beginning in the 2010s it sought to reduce its need for imported fossil fuels by developing solar, wind, and geothermal energy projects. 13, 1904, it stands in Uspallata Pass, high in the Andes, on the Argentine-Chilean boundary...... Click the link for more information. The slowdown has affected small-scale and artisan industries, as well as large enterprises. Terms in this set (29) What is the capital of Chile? The constitution that was adopted in September 1925 reflected a political alliance between the big bourgeoisie and the landed oligarchy against the working class and the toiling masses. Wine Tourism makes up a significant tourist attraction site in Santiago. of Chile, 1971, Ph.D Harvard, 1975...... Click the link for more information. Twentieth-century Chilean sculpture shows a predilection for monumental forms and the revival of ancient traditions (L. Dominguez, S. Roman Rojas). Deposits of petroleum and natural gas are associated with the late Jurassic deposits of the Magallanes Foredeep (Tierra del Fuego). Industrialization, which soon raised Chile to a leading position among South American nations, was begun. Livestock raising, extensive rather than intensive, is carried on throughout the country. Some 90 percent of all foreign trade cargo is handled by maritime shipping. pop. Illegal publications include the newspaper El Siglo, the organ of the Communist Party of Chile, and the journal Los Principios, the party’s theoretical organ. The main economic activities are livestock raising for meat and milk and the cultivation of grain crops. Click hereto get an answer to your question ️ What is the capital of Chile? By 1949 only one or two feature films were being produced annually, and the country’s screens were filled with American motion pictures. See Table 2 for the output of the major industrial products. See more of Countries and Capitals on Facebook. What is the capital of Chile? In the second half of the 1930’s two or three full-length motion pictures were released annually, as well as short films, news-reels, and documentaries. Some 220,000 homes were destroyed, and the wine and fishing industries were particularly affected by the earthquake. and Bernardo O'HigginsO'Higgins, Bernardo, 1778–1842, South American revolutionary and ruler (1817–23) of Chile; illegitimate son of Ambrosio O'Higgins. mi. Santiago is the seat of national administrative and judicial bodies of Chile and Valparaíso houses the national legislature and is the culture center of Chile. miles). Films were made that have become part of the golden treasury of Latin-American cinema: Comrade President (1970, directed by Littin), Oath and Gun (1971, directed by H. Soto), Witnesses (1971, directed by C. Elsesser), The Benefactor (1973, directed by B. Gebel), and The Promised Land (1973, directed by Littin). American films again filled the country’s screens. , IquiqueIquique, city (1990 est. Population, 10.45 million (1976). of Chile under President Allende, whom Lagos supported...... Click the link for more information. Industries like tourism, shipping, freights, and culture forms the backbone of Valparaiso economy. The city boasts a neoclassical city centre with winding streets and neo-classical architecture, including Art Deco and neo-Gothic styles. More than 90 percent of Chile’s population is composed of Chileans, most of them mestizos of Spanish and Indian descent. The accession to power in 1886 of the Liberal J. M. Balmaceda—an advocate of independent economic and political development—was unpalatable to the oligarchy, which was supported by the foreign monopolies, the church, and the upper ranks of the military. Piñera's coalition also won a plurality in the lower house of the congress, but lost the upper house. Twenty years of center-left rule ended in 2010 when Piñera defeated Frei Ruiz-Tagle, the former president who was the center-left candidate, in a January runoff election. Dairy farming is thriving around the major cities. Match. For a while, the promise seemed to be working. The executive and judicial of Chile have offices in Santiago. Although Chile was unattractive to the Spanish because of its isolation from Peru to the north and its lack of precious metals (copper was discovered much later), the Spanish developed a pastoral society there based on large ranches and haciendas worked by indigenous people; the yields were shipped to Peru. The junta’s domestic isolation has been reinforced by international isolation. Chile is rich in many kinds of minerals. The rest of the region is a wilderness of midlatitude rain forest, which has been extensively logged. Forgot account? Some of its 32 municipalities are very affluent and some are very poor. The armaments are mainly of US manufacture. The largest hydroelectric power plant (capacity, 350 megawatts) is located at Rapel, and the largest thermoelectric power plant (170 megawatts) operates at Tocopilla. The leading film stars were M. Romo, T. Ferrada, L. Perucci, E. Guzman, and C. Paz. By the beginning of the 16th century the indigenous peoples were organized into clans whose members owned land in common. Crabs, lobsters, and shellfish are also caught. Correspondingly, the average monthly temperatures in the northern parts of Central Chile range from 12°–16°C in July to 18°–22°C in January; in the central regions they range seasonally, from 8° to 20°C in Santiago and from 11.4° to 17.8°C on the coast in Valparaiso; and in the southern areas they vary from 8° to 15°C. A documentary prose style became popular in the 1970’s. The total Indian population numbered about 1 million. The Single Center of Chilean Workers (Central Unica de Trabajandores de Chile), founded in 1953, has been banned but continues to operate illegally. Sections of this page. Pinochet wields executive power, and the junta as a whole exercises legislative authority. Further south, the elevation of the Andes decreases (Mount San Valentin, 4,058 m); volcanoes arise along the foot of the western slopes (a large number of active ones are found between 37° and 43°S lat. Are food processing ( chiefly fish ), capital of Chile ( 1818–1917 ) yet with support. 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